Kevin Baez presentation

      Marceau Evariste 

     Professor   Sinkoof 

     Course -1017-2215  

     21 of May 2021 

                 Specific learning disability .

   What is a specific learning disability ? When a group of people have specific learning disabilities refer to ongoing problems in one of three areas ,reading , writing and math ,which are fundamental to one's ability to learn . An estimated  5 to 15 percent of school age children struggle with a learning disability. An estimated 80 percent of those with learning disorders have reading disorder in particular [commonly referred to as dyslexia].One third of people with learning disabilities are also estimated to have attention -deficit hyperactivity disorder.

     Other specific skills that may be impacted include the ability to put thoughts into written words ,spelling, reading comprehension, math calculation and math problem solving. Difficulties with these skills may cause problem in learning subjects such as history, math science and social studies and may impact everyday activities. Learning disorders, if not recognized and managed, can cause problems throughout a person's life beyond having lower academic achievement. These problems include increased risk of greater psychological distress ,poorer overall mental  health unemployment /under -employment and dropping out of the school. 

      S often referred to as specific learning disorder is a medical term used for diagnosis .It is often referred to as learning disorder ,learning disability is not exactly synonymous with specific learning disorder, someone with a diagnosis of specific learning disorder can expect to meet criteria for a learning disability and have the legal status of a federally recognized disability to qualify for accommodations and services in school. The term 'learning difference' is a term that has gained popularity ,especially when speaking with children about their difficulties ,as it does not label them as disordered. Learning disorders can only be diagnosed  after formal education starts. To be diagnosed with a specific learning disorder, a person must meet four criteria .

      Have difficulties in at least one of the following areas for at least six month despite targeted help; Difficulty understanding the meaning of what is read . difficulty understanding number concepts or calculation. Difficulty with mathematical reasoning concepts or solving math problems. Have academic skills that are substantially below what is expected for the Child's age and cause problems in school work everyday activities. The difficulties start during school age even if some people don't experience significant problems until adulthood when academic work and day to day demands are greater. Learning difficulties are not other conditions ,such as intellectual disability, vision or hearing problems, neurological conditions ,e.g. ,pediatric stroke adverse conditions such as economic or environmental disadvantage ,lack of instruction, or difficulties speaking ,understanding the language. A diagnosis is made through a combination of observation ,interviews ,family history and school report .Neuropsychological testing may be used to help find the best way to help the individual with a specific learning disorder .

As you know there are several types of learning disorder like ,Dyslexia ,Dysgraphia, and  Dyscalculia  .First, dyslexia is a term that refers to the difficulty with reading .People with dyslexia have difficulty connecting letters they see on a page with the sounds they make .As a result ,reading become a slow ,effortful and not a fluent process for them. Problems in reading begin even before learning to read ,for example when children have trouble breaking down spoken words into syllables and recognizing words that rhyme . Kindergarten age children may not be able to recognize and write letters as well as their peers . People with dyslexia may have difficulty with accuracy and spelling as well .It is a common misconception that all children with disabilities write letters backwards .

People with dyslexia ,including adolescents and adults ,often try to avoid activities involving reading when they can .They often gravitate to other mediums such as pictures ,video ,or audio.

    Dysgraphia ,which a term used to describe difficulties with putting one's thoughts on to paper .Problems with writing can include difficulties with spelling grammar, punctuation and handwriting .And dyscalculia ,that is a term used to describe difficulties learning number related concepts or using the symbols and function to perform math calculations .Problems with can include difficulties with number sense, memorizing math facts ,math calculation, math reasoning, and math problem solving.  

     Learning disorder can vary in severity ,some difficulties with learning in one or two academic areas, but may be able to compensate .Significant difficulties with learning requiring some specialized teaching and some accommodations or supportive service .Severe difficulties learning affecting several academic areas and specialized teaching .Federal law mandates that students who have  learning disabilities receive assistance in the public school .Special services include extended time for tests and projects ,which can benefit a student with a learning disability individual time with a teacher to help the with learning in math is often added in school settings. Some schools will provide before and after school tutoring programs in which the child can have additional learning opportunities during the summer break to strengthen the math skills . Get information about and take advantage of the resources in both the school system and the community to the child.